Index chronologique des œuvres de Mark TwainIndex des œuvres - Liste chronologique - Éditions originales - Éditions sur Utopia - Anciennes traductions

L’activité littéraire de Mark Twain suivant l’ordre chronologique, d’après Albert Bigelow Paine : Mark Twain. A Biography, 1912. Cette source est évidemment ancienne et elle contient des erreurs ; elle pourra cependant servir de point de départ, et nous la traduirons progressivement en liant les titres aux textes disponibles sur ce site et en en corrigeant les erreurs avec des études plus récentes, comme l’édition des Early Tales & Sketches.

Apprenti à Hannibal, pilote sur le Mississippi (1851-1861)

Nous avons 27 textes de cette période.

1851

• [1] A Gallant Fireman, 16 janvier 1851, in Western Union, journal de Orion Clemens à Hannibal : premier texte publié connu.
• D’après la biographie de A. B. Paine, Twain se souvenait d’avoir publié en 1851 deux textes dans le Saturday Evening Post (Philadelphia), ce qui est probablement une erreur : il s’agit sans doute de The Dandy Frightening the Squatter (1^er mai 1852, Carpet-Bag, Boston) et de Hannibal, Missouri (8 mai 1852, American courier, Philadelphie).
• To MARY IN H-l. Hannibal Journal. La mention de ce texte reste à éclaircir, il s’agit sans doute d’une confusion.

1852

The Carpet-bag, hebdomadaire comique publié de 1852 à 1853, et dont Orion s’inspira.

• [2] The Dandy Frightening the Squatter, 1^er mai 1852, Carpet-Bag, Boston, texte signé S.L.C.
• [3] Hannibal, Missouri, 8 mai 1852, American courier, Philadelphie
• Édite le Journal d’Hannibal pendant l’absence du propriétaire et éditeur, Orion, en septembre.
• Textes pour le Hannibal Journal :
  • A Family Muss, 9 septembre 1852
  • “Local” Resolves to Commit Suicide
  • “Pictur” Department

    Ces deux derniers textes tournent en dérision J.T. Hinton, un éditeur rival. Ces premiers textes satiriques de Twain, comme les suivants, ne sont pas particulièrement appréciés par Orion.

  • Historical Exhibition, septembre 1852

1853

• Wrote obituary poems--not published.
• Il écrit des lettres à son frère Orion qui sont publiées dans le Journal et le Muscatine Journal (16 décembre 1853 - 18 mars 1855).

1855-56

• First after-dinner speech; delivered at a printers’ banquet in Keokuk, Iowa.
• Letters from Cincinnati, November 16, 1856, signed "Snodgrass"-- Saturday Post (Keokuk).

1857

• Letters from Cincinnati, March 16, 1857, signed "Snodgrass"--Saturday Post (Keokuk).

1858

• Anonymous contributions to the New Orleans Crescent and probably to St. Louis papers.

1859

• River Intelligence, in Crescent, New Orleans, mai
• The Mysterious Murders in Risse, écrit pendant l’été

1860

• Pilot’s Memoranda, août
• Ghost Life on the Mississippi (peut-être écrit en 1861, non publié)

1861

• Letters home, published in The Gate City (Keokuk).

1862

• Lettres et « esquisses », signés « Josh, » publiés dans le Territorial Enterprise (Virginia City, Nevada)
• REPORT OF THE LECTURE OF PROF. PERSONAL PRONOUN--Enterprise.
• REPORT OF A FOURTH OF JULY ORATION--Enterprise.
• THE PETRIFIED MAN--Enterprise.
• Local news reporter for the Enterprise from August.

1863

• Reported the Nevada Legislature for the Enterprise.
• First used the name "Mark Twain," February 2.
• ADVICE TO THE UNRELIABLE--Enterprise.
• CURING A COLD--Enterprise. U. E.
• INFORMATION FOR THE MILLION--Enterprise.
• ADVICE TO GOOD LITTLE GIRLS--Enterprise.
• THE DUTCH NICK MASSACRE--Enterprise.
• Many other Enterprise sketches.
• THE AGED PILOT MAN (poem)--" ROUGHING IT." U. E.

1864

• Reported the Nevada Legislature for the Enterprise.
• Speech as "Governor of the Third House."
• Letters to New York Sunday Mercury.
• Local reporter on the San Francisco Call.
• Articles and sketches for the Golden Era.
• Articles and sketches for the Californian.
• Daily letters from San Francisco to the Enterprise.

(Several of the Era and Californian sketches appear in SKETCHES NEW AND OLD. U. E.)

1865

• Notes sur l’histoire de la Jumping Frog ; Angel’s Camp, February.
• Sketches etc., for the Golden Era and Californian.
• Daily letter to the Enterprise.
• 18 novembre : publication de Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog, in The Saturday Press, New York (La Célèbre Grenouille sauteuse)

1866

• Daily letter to the Enterprise.
• Sandwich Island letters to the Sacramento Union.
• Lecture on the Sandwich Islands, San Francisco, October 2.
• FORTY-THREE DAYS IN AN OPEN BOAT--Harper’s Magazine, December (error in signature made it Mark Swain).

1867

• Letters to Alta California from New York.
• Jim Wolf and the Tom-Cats, N. Y. Sunday Mercury, 14 juillet (voir aussi A Gallant Fireman)
• The Jumping Frog, livre publié par Charles Henry Webb, 1^er mai, U.S.A.
• Lectured at Cooper Union, May, ’66.
• Letters to Alta California and New York Tribune from the Quaker City--
• Holy Land excursion.
• Letter to New York Herald on the return from the Holy Land.
• After-dinner speech on "Women" (Washington).
• Began arrangement for the publication of THE INNOCENTS ABROAD.

1868

• Newspaper letters, etc., from Washington, for New York Citizen, Tribune, Herald, and other papers and periodicals.
• Preparing Quaker City letters (in Washington and San Francisco) for book publication.
• CAPTAIN WAKEMAN’S (STORMFIELD’S) VISIT TO HEAVEN (San Francisco), published Harper’s Magazine, December, 1907-January, 1908 (also book, Harpers).
• Lectured in California and Nevada on the "Holy Land," July 2.
• S’CAT! Anonymous article on T. K. Beecher (Elmira), published in local paper.
• Lecture-tour, season 1868-69.

1869

• THE INNOCENTS ABROAD--book (Am. Pub. Co.), July 20. U. E.
• Bought one-third ownership in the Buffalo Express.
• Contributed editorials, sketches, etc., to the Express.
• Contributed sketches to Packard’s Monthly, Wood’s Magazine, etc.
• Lecture-tour, season 1869-70.

1870

• Contributions diverses au Buffalo Express.
• Contributed various matter under general head of "MEMORANDA" to Galaxy Magazine, May to April, ’71.
• Commence Roughing It en septembre (Buffalo).
• SHEM’S DIARY (Buffalo) (unfinished).
• GOD, ANCIENT AND MODERN (unpublished).

1871

• MEMORANDA continued in Galaxy to April.
• AUTOBIOGRAPHY AND FIRST ROMANCE--[THE FIRST ROMANCE had appeared in the Express in 1870. Later included in SKETCHES.]--booklet (Sheldon & Co.). U. E.
• Roughing It (À la dure) terminé (Quarry Farm).
• Ruloff letter--Tribune.
• Wrote several sketches and lectures (Quarry Farm).
• Western play (unfinished).
• Lecture-tour, season 1871-72.

1872

• Février : publication de Roughing It (Am. Pub. Co.)
• THE MARK TWAIN SCRAP-BOOK invented (Saybrook, Connecticut).
• TOM SAWYER begun as a play (Saybrook, Connecticut).
• A few unimportant sketches published in "Practical jokes," etc.
• Commence un livre sur l’Angleterre (London).

1873

• Poor Little Stephen Girard (Histoire du petit Stephen Girard)
• Letters on the Sandwich Islands-Tribune, January 3 and 6.
• THE GILDED AGE (with C. D. Warner)--book (Am. Pub. Co), December. U. E.
• THE LICENSE OF THE PRESS--paper for The Monday Evening Club.
• Lectured in London, October 18 and season 1873-74.

1874

• Poursuit Tom Sawyer (in the new study at Quarry Farm).
• A TRUE STORY (Quarry Farm)-Atlantic, November. U. E.
• FABLES (Quarry Farm). U. E.
• COLONEL SELLERS--play (Quarry Farm) performed by John T. Raymond.
• UNDERTAKER’S LOVE-STORY (Quarry Farm) (unpublished).
• OLD TIMES ON THE MISSISSIPPI (Hartford) Atlantic, January to July, 1875.
• Monarchy letter to Mrs. Clemens, dated 1935 (Boston).

1875

• UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE--paper for The Monday Evening Club.
• Juillet : Sketches New and Old (Am. Pub. Co.)
• Termine Tom Sawyer (Hartford).
• THE CURIOUS REP. OF GONDOUR--Atlantic, October (unsigned).
• PUNCH, CONDUCTOR, PUNCH--Atlantic, February, 1876. U. E.
• THE SECOND ADVENT (unfinished).
• THE MYSTERIOUS CHAMBER (unfinished).
• AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A DAMN FOOL (unfinished).
• Petition for International Copyright.

1876

• Performed in THE LOAN OF THE LOVER as Peter Spuyk (Hartford).
• CARNIVAL OF CRIME--paper for The Monday Evening Club--Atlantic, June. U. E.
• HUCK FINN begun (Quarry Farm).
• CANVASSER’S STORY (Quarry Farm)--Atlantic, December. U. E.
• "1601" (Quarry Farm), privately printed. [And not edited by Livy. D.W.]
• AH SIN (with Bret Harte)--play, (Hartford).
• TOM SAWYER--book (Am. Pub. Co.), December. U. E.
• Speech on "The Weather," New England Society, December 22.

1877

• LOVES OF ALONZO FITZ-CLARENCE, ETC. (Quarry Farm)--Atlantic.
• IDLE EXCURSION (Quarry Farm)--Atlantic, October, November, December. U. E.
• SIMON WHEELER, DETECTIVE--play (Quarry Farm) (not produced).
• Commence le Prince et le Pauvre (Quarry Farm).
• Whittier birthday speech (Boston), December.

1878

• MAGNANIMOUS INCIDENT (Hartford)--Atlantic, May. U. E.
• A TRAMP ABROAD (Heidelberg and Munich).
• MENTAL TELEGRAPHY--Harper’s Magazine, December, 1891. U. E.
• GAMBETTA DUEL--Atlantic, February, 1879 (included in TRAMP). U. E.
• REV. IN PITCAIRN--Atlantic, March, 1879. U. E.
• STOLEN WHITE ELEPHANT--book (Osgood & Co.), 1882. U. E.

(The three items last named were all originally a part of the TRAMP ABROAD.)

1879

• A TRAMP ABROAD continued (Paris, Elmira, and Hartford).
• Adam monument scheme (Elmira).
• Speech on "The Babies" (Grant dinner, Chicago), November.
• Speech on "Plagiarism" (Holmes breakfast, Boston), December.

1880

• PRINCE AND PAUPER concluded (Hartford and Elmira).
• HUCK FINN continued (Quarry Farm, Elmira).
• A CAT STORY (Quarry Farm) (unpublished).
• A TRAMP ABROAD--book (Am. Pub. Co.), March 13. U. E.
• EDWARD MILLS AND GEO. BENTON (Hartford)--Atlantic, August. U. E.
• MRS. McWILLIAMS AND THE LIGHTNING (Hartford)--Atlantic, September. U. E.

1881

• A CURIOUS EXPERIENCE--Century, November. U. E.
• A BIOGRAPHY OF -----(unfinished).
• PRINCE AND PAUPER--book (Osgood R; CO.), December.
• BURLESQUE ETIQUETTE (unfinished). [Included in LETTERS FROM THE EARTH D.W.]

1882

• LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI (Elmira and Hartford).

1883

• LIFE ON THE Mississippi--book (Osgood R CO.), May. U. E.
• WHAT Is HAPPINESS?--paper for The Monday Evening Club.
• Introduction to Portuguese conversation book (Hartford).
• HUCK FINN concluded (Quarry Farm).
• HISTORY GAME (Quarry Farm).
• AMERICAN CLAIMANT (with W. D. Howells)--play (Hartford), produced by A. P. Burbank.
• Dramatized TOM SAWYER and PRINCE AND PAUPER (not produced).

1884

• Embarked in publishing with Charles L. Webster.
• THE CARSON FOOTPRINTS--the San Franciscan.
• HUCK FINN--book (Charles L. Webster & Co.), December. U. E.
• Platform-readings with George W. Cable, season ’84-’85.

1885

• Contracted for General Grant’s Memoirs.
• A CAMPAIGN THAT FAILED--Century, December. U. E.
• THE UNIVERSAL TINKER--Century, December (open letter signed X. Y. Z.
• Letter on the government of children--Christian Union.)
• KIDITCHIN (children’s poem).

1886

• Introduced Henry M. Stanley (Boston).
• CONNECTICUT YANKEE begun (Hartford).
• ENGLISH AS SHE IS TAUGHT--Century, April, 1887.
• LUCK--Harper’s, August, 1891.
• GENERAL GRANT AND MATTHEW ARNOLD--Army and Navy dinner speech.

1887

• MEISTERSCHAFT--play (Hartford)-Century, January, 1888. U. E.
• KNIGHTS OF LABOR--essay (not published).
• To THE QUEEN OF ENGLAND--Harper’s Magazine, December. U. E.
• CONSISTENCY--paper for The Monday Evening Club.

1888

• Introductory for "Unsent Letters" (unpublished).
• Master of Arts degree from Yale.
• Yale Alumni address (unpublished).
• Copyright controversy with Brander Matthews--Princeton Review.
• Replies to Matthew Arnold’s American criticisms (unpublished).
• YANKEE continued (Elmira and Hartford).
• Introduction of Nye and Riley (Boston).

1889

• A MAJESTIC LITERARY FOSSIL Harper’s Magazine, February, 1890. U. E.
• HUCK AND TOM AMONG THE INDIANS (unfinished).
• Introduction to YANKEE (not used).
• LETTER To ELSIE LESLIE--St Nicholas, February, 1890.
• CONNECTICUT YANKEE--book (Webster & Co.), December. U. E.

1890

• Letter to Andrew Lang about English Criticism.

(No important literary matters this year. Mark Twain engaged promoting the Paige typesetting-machine.)

1891

• AMERICAN CLAIMANT (Hartford) syndicated; also book (Webster & Co.), May, 1892. U. E.
• European letters to New York Sun.
• DOWN THE RHONE (unfinished).
• KORNERSTRASSE (unpublished).

1892

• THE GERMAN CHICAGO (Berlin--Sun.) U. E.
• ALL KINDS OF SHIPS (at sea). U. E.
• Tom SAWYER ABROAD (Nauheim)--St. Nicholas, November, ’93, to April, ’94. U. E.
• THOSE EXTRAORDINARY TWINS (Nauheim). U. E.
• PUDD’NHEAD WILSON (Nauheim and Florence)--Century, December, ’93, to June, ’94 U. E.
• $100,000 BANK-NOTE (Florence)--Century, January, ’93. U. E.

1893

• JOAN OF ARC begun (at Villa Viviani, Florence) and completed up to the raising of the Siege of Orleans.
• CALIFORNIAN’S TALE (Florence) Liber Scriptorum, also Harper’s.
• ADAM’S DIARY (Florence)--Niagara Book, also Harper’s.
• Esquimau Maiden’s Romance (Le Roman de l’esquimaude), in Cosmopolitan, p. 53-62, novembre, illustré par Dan Beard
• Is He Living or Is He Dead? (Mort ou vivant ?), in Cosmopolitan, p. 629-634, septembre
• Traveling With a Reformer (En voyageant avec un réformateur), in Cosmopolitan, p. 207-217, décembre
• IN DEFENSE OF HARRIET SHELLEY (Florence)--N. A.--Rev., July, ’94
• FENIMORE COOPER’S LITERARY OFFENSES--[This may not have been written until early in 1894.]--(Players, New York)--N. A. Rev., July,’95

1894

• Poursuit la rédaction de Joan of Arc (Etretat and Paris)
• WHAT PAUL BOURGET THINKS OF US (Etretat)--N. A. Rev., January, ’95 U. E.
• Avril : publication en un volume de Tom Sawyer à travers le monde (Tom Sawyer Abroad), Webster & Co.
• PUDD’NHEAD WILSON--book (Am. Pub. Co.), November. U. E.
• The failure of Charles L. Webster & Co., April 18.
• THE DERELICT--poem (Paris) (unpublished).

1895

• JOAN OF ARC finished (Paris), January 28, Harper’s Magazine, April to December.
• MENTAL TELEGRAPHY AGAIN--Harper’s, September. U. E.
• A LITTLE NOTE TO PAUL BOURGET. U. E.
• Poem to Mrs. Beecher (Elmira) (not published). U. E.
• Lecture-tour around the world, begun at Elmira, July 14, ended July 31.

1896

• JOAN OF ARC--book (Harpers) May. U. E.
• TOM SAWYER, DETECTIVE, and other stories-book (Harpers), November.
• FOLLOWING THE EQUATOR begun (23 Tedworth Square, London).

1897

• FOLLOWING THE EQUATOR--book (Am. Pub. Co.), November.
• QUEEN’S JUBILEE (London), newspaper syndicate; book privately printed.
• JAMES HAMMOND TRUMBULL--Century, November.
• WHICH WAS WHICH? (London and Switzerland) (unfinished).
• TOM AND HUCK (Switzerland) (unfinished).
• HELLFIRE HOTCHKISS (Switzerland) (unfinished).
• IN MEMORIAM--poem (Switzerland)-Harper’s Magazine. U. E.
• Concordia Club speech (Vienna).
• STIRRING TIMES IN AUSTRIA (Vienna)--Harper’s Magazine, March, 1898. U. E.

1898

• THE AUSTRIAN EDISON KEEPING SCHOOL AGAIN (Vienna)Century, August
• AT THE APPETITE CURE (Vienna), in Cosmopolitan, p. 425-433, August
• FROM THE LONDON TIMES, 1904 (Vienna)--Century, November
• ABOUT PLAY-ACTING (Vienna)--Forum, October
• CONCERNING THE JEWS (Vienna)--Harper’s Magazine, September, ’99
• CHRISTIAN SCIENCE AND MRS. EDDY (Vienna)--Cosmopolitan, October
• THE MAN THAT CORRUPTED HADLEYBURG (Vienna)--Harper’s Magazine, December, ’99
• Autobiographical chapters (Vienna); some of them used in the N. A. Rev., 1906-07
• WHAT IS MAN? (Kaltenleutgeben)--book (privately printed), August, 1906
• ASSASSINATION OF AN EMPRESS (Kaltenleutgeben) (unpublished)
• THE MYSTERIOUS STRANGER (unfinished)
• Translations of German plays (unproduced)

1899

• DIPLOMATIC PAY AND CLOTHES (Vienna)--Forum, March. U. E.
• MY LITERARY DEBUT (Vienna)--Century, December. U. E.
• CHRISTIAN SCIENCE (Vienna)--N. A. Rev., December, 1902, January and February, 1903.
• Translated German plays (Vienna) (unproduced).
• Collaborated with Siegmund Schlesinger on plays (Vienna) (unfinished).
• Planned a postal-check scheme (Vienna).
• Articles about the Kellgren treatment (Sanna, Sweden) (unpublished).
• ST. JOAN OF ARC (London)--Harper’s Magazine, December, 1904. U. E.
• MY FIRST LIE, AND How I GOT OUT OF IT (London)--New York World. U. E.
• Articles on South African War (London) (unpublished)
• Uniform Edition of Mark Twain’s works (Am. Pub. Co.).

1900

• TWO LITTLE TALES (London)--Century, November, 1901. U. E.
• Spoke on "Copyright" before the House of Lords.
• Delivered many speeches in London and New York.

1901

• TO THE PERSON SITTING IN DARKNESS (14 West Tenth Street, New York)-- N. A. Rev., February.
• TO MY MISSIONARY CRITICS (14 West Tenth Street, New York)--N. A. Rev., April.
• DOUBLE-BARREL DETECTIVE STORY (Saranac Lake, "The Lair") Harper’s Magazine, January and February, 1902.
• Lincoln Birthday Speech, February 11.
• Many other speeches.
• PLAN FOR CASTING VOTE PARTY (Riverdale) (unpublished).
• THE STUPENDOUS PROCESSION (Riverdale) (unpublished).
• ANTE-MORTEM OBITUARIES--Harper’s Weekly.
• Received degree of Doctor of Letters from Yale.

1902

• DOES THE RACE OF MAN LOVE A LORD? (Riverdale)--N. A. Rev., April. U. E.
• FIVE BOONS of LIFE (Riverdale)--Harper’s Weekly, July 5. U. E.
• WHY NOT ABOLISH IT? (Riverdale)--Harper’s Weekly, July 5.
• DEFENSE OF GENERAL FUNSTON (Riverdale)--N. A. Rev., May.
• IF I COULD BE THERE (Riverdale unpublished).
• Wrote various articles, unfinished or unpublished.
• Received degree of LL.D. from the University of Missouri, June.
• THE BELATED PASSPORT (York Harbor)--Harper’s Weekly, December 6. U. E.
• WAS IT HEAVEN? OR HELL? (York Harbor)--Harper’s Magazine, December. U. E.
• Poem (Riverdale and York Harbor) (unpublished)
• Sixty-seventh Birthday speech (New York), November 27.

1903

• MRS. EDDY IN ERROR (Riverdale)--N. A. Rev., April.
• INSTRUCTIONS IN ART (Riverdale)-Metropolitan, April and May.
• EDDYPUS, and other C. S. articles (unfinished).
• A DOG’S TALE (Elmira)--Harper’s Magazine, December. U. E.
• ITALIAN WITHOUT A MASTER (Florence)--Harper’s Weekly, January 21, 1904. U. E.
• ITALIAN WITH GRAMMAR (Florence)--Harper’s Magazine, August, U. E.
• THE $30,000 BEQUEST (Florence)--Harper’s Weekly, December 10, 1904. U. E.

1904

• AUTOBIOGRAPHY (Florence)--portions published, N. A. Rev. and Harper’s Weekly.
• CONCERNING COPYRIGHT (Tyringham, Massachusetts)--N. A. Rev., January, 1905.
• TSARS SOLILOQUY (21 Fifth Avenue, New York)--N. A. Rev., March, 1905.
• ADAM’S DIARY--book (Harpers), April.

1905

• LEOPOLD’S SOLILOQUY (21 Fifth Avenue, New York)--pamphlet, P. R. Warren Company.
• THE WAR PRAYER (21 Fifth Avenue, New York) (unpublished).
• EVE’S DIARY (Dublin, New Hampshire)--Harper’s Magazine, December.
• 3,000 YEARS AMONG THE MICROBES (unfinished).
• INTERPRETING THE DEITY (Dublin New Hampshire) (unpublished).
• A HORSE’S TALE (Dublin, New Hampshire)-Harper’s Magazine, August and September, 1906.
• Seventieth Birthday speech.
• W. D. HOWELLS (21 Fifth Avenue, New York)-Harper’s Magazine, July, 1906.

1906

• Autobiography dictation (21 Fifth Avenue, New York; and Dublin, New Hampshire)--selections published, N. A. Rev., 1906 and 1907.
• Many speeches.
• Farewell lecture, Carnegie Hall, April 19.
• WHAT IS MAN?--book (privately printed).
• Copyright speech (Washington), December.

1907

• Autobiography dictations (27 Fifth Avenue, New York; and Tuxedo).
• Degree of Doctor of Literature conferred by Oxford, June 26.
• Made many London speeches.
• Begum of Bengal speech (Liverpool).
• CHRISTIAN SCIENCE--book (Harpers), February. U. E.
• CAPTAIN STORMFIELD’S VISIT To HEAVEN--book (Harpers).

1908

• Autobiography dictations (21 Fifth Avenue, New York; and Redding, Connecticut).
• Lotos Club and other speeches.
• Aldrich memorial speech.

1909

• IS SHAKESPEARE DEAD?--book (Harpers), April.
• A FABLE--Harper’s Magazine December.
• Copyright documents (unpublished).
• Address to St. Timothy School.
• MARJORIE FLEMING (Stormfield)--Harper’s Bazar, December.
• THE TURNING-POINT OF MY LIFE (Stormfield)--Harper’s Bazar, February, 1910
• BESSIE DIALOGUE (unpublished).
• LETTERS FROM THE EARTH (unfinished).
• THE DEATH OF JEAN--Harper’s, December, 1910.
• THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHTNING TRUST (unpublished).

1910

• VALENTINES TO HELEN AND OTHERS (not published).